a
absolutizmi – mmarTvelobis forma, romlis drosac umaRlesi xelisufleba mTlianad da ganuyoflad ekuTvnis erT pirs, monarqs.
agitacia – zepiri an beWdviTi moRvaweoba, romlis mizania moaxdinos zegavlena farTo masebis Segnebasa da ganwyobilebaze. darazmos isini garkveuli sazogadoebriv-politikuri amocanebis Sesasruleblad.
avantura – uperspeqtivod, realuri Zalebisa da pirobebis gauTvaliswineblad, SemTxveviTi warmatebis imediT wamowyebuli saqme.
avenariusi rihard – (1843-1896), Sveicarieli filosofosi, ciurixis idealisturi filosofiis erT-erTi mimdinareobis – empiriokriticizmis fuZemdebeli. (empiriokriticizmi materialuri samyaros obieqtur arsebobas uaryofda da sagnebs, rogorc individis cnobierebis mier aRqmuls, ise ganixilavda).
avtokefalia – marTlmadidebeli eklesiis damoukidebloba.
aliansi – kavSiri, gaerTianeba. (Cveulebriv, saerTaSoriso).
alternatiuli – orSi erTi aucilebeli an SesaZlebeli.
altruizmi – uangaro zrunva sxvisi keTildReobisTvis. mzadyofna sxvas Seswiros Tavisi piradi intersebi.
analitikosi – specialisti, romelic aanalizebs. J
aneqsia – erTi saxelmwifos mier meore saxelmwifos teritoriis Zaladobrivi gziT dakaveba, dapyroba. saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebiT aneqsia, rogorc agresiis erT-erTi forma, ise ganixileba.
ararentabeluri – sameurneo urTierTobebisTvis gamousadegari.
arbitri – davis dros mxareebs Soris momrigebeli, mosamarTle.
arenda – uZravi qonebis droebiT daqiraveba saTanado xelSekrulebis dadebiT, ijara.
ariergardi – jaris an flotis nawili, romelic frontidan zurgisken moZraobisas mTavar Zalebs boloSi mihyveba da icavs maT.
aristokratia – romelime klasis an socialuri jgufis privilegirebuli nawili, zedafena.
atlantikis qartia – aSS-sa da didi britaneTis saxelmwifo meTaurebis, f. ruzveltisa da u. CerCilis erToblivi deklaracia, romelsac 1941 wlis 25 agvistos, atlantikis okeaneSi. niufaundlendis axlos samxedro xomaldze moewera xeli. deklaracia 8 punqtisgan Sedgeboda da II msoflio omis msvlelobasa da omis Semdgom msoflios mowyobas Seexeboda. deklaraciaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom aSS da didi britaneTi ar miiswrafian teritoriebis gafarToebisken; ar dasTannxmdebian msoflioSi iseT teritoriul cvlilebebs, romlebic daintersebuli xalxis Tavisufali nebis sawinaaRmdego iqneba; pativs cemen yvela xalxis uflebas, Tavad airCion saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis formebi. 1941 wlis 24 seqtembers “atlantikis qartias” sabWoTa kavSiric SeuerTda. am SeTanxmebis Semdeg aSS ufro aqtiurad CaerTo msoflio omSi.
b
batraki – gaRatakebuli glexi, mojamagire.
berdiaevi nikolaevi – (1874-1948), rusi filosofosi da publicisti. XX s.-is 20-ian wlebSi ruseTSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis dros is mudmivad akritikebda rusuli radikalizmis rogorc memarcxene, ise memarjvene ukiduresobas. misi damokidebuleba ruseTSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis mimarT aisaxa wignSi “ruseTis bedi” (1918 w.) 1922 wels antisaxelmwifoebrivi moRvaweobisTvis n. berdiaevi sabWoTa kavSiridan gaasaxles. evropaSi filosofosma saxeli gaiTqva wigniT “axali Sua saukuneebi” (1924w.), romelSic is aanalizebda ruseTis revoluciis tragikul Sedegebsa da evropuli ganviTarebis tendenciebs. emigraciaSi yofnis dros mas urTierToba hqonda evropel filosofosebsa da moazrovneebTan, iyo gazeT “gzis” redaqtori. 1947 wels mieniWa kembrijis universitetis doqtoris xarisxi TeologiaSi.
biurokratiuli – formaluri damokidebuleba saqmisadmi, cxovrebisgan mowyveta.
blickrigi – elviseburi omi.
bulgakovi mixeil - (1891-1940), rusi mwerali da dramaturgi. bulgakovi mxars ar uWerda bolSevikur revolucias. bevr Tavis literaturul naSromSi mZafri satiris gamoyenebiT dascinoda da akritikebda arsebul sabWoTa reJims. amitom 1930-iani wlebidan misi nawarmoebebis umravlesoba aikrZala. mwerali wlebis ganmavlobaSi cdilobda daetovebina sabWoTa kavSiri. 1928 wels bulgakovi imyofeboda saqarTveloSi, moinaxula Tbilisi da baTumi. mwerlis pirveli literaturuli nawarmoebebi TariRdeba adreuli 20-iani wlebiT. 1922-1924 wlebSi dawera “TeTri gvardia”, romlis safuZvelze Seiqmna piesa “turbinebis dReebi”, 1925 wels dawera moTxroba “ZaRlis guli”. sicocxlis bolo wlebSi muSaobda romanze “ostati da margarita”.
bulgakovi sergei – (1871-1944), rusi filosofosi da Teologi. 1922 wels
burJuazia – (momdinareobs laTinuri sityvidan burg-qalaqi); Tavdapirvelad, feodaluri urTierTobebis pirobebSi, burJuazia memamuleebis, Tavad-aznaurobisa da sasuliero fenisgan gancalkevebul socialur fenas, qalaqis mosaxleobas (moqalaqeebs) aRniSnavda. kapitalisturi urTierTobebis ganviTarebis Semdeg burJuazia mewarmeebis, komersantebis, (igive kapitalistebis) socialuri fenis aRmniSvneli gaxda.
boiskauti – evropisa da amerikis zog qveyanaSi sabavSvo da axalgazrduli sportuli sazogadoebis wevri.
bond-striti – centraluri quCa londonSi.
g
gagauzebi – Turqulenovani xalxi, umTavresad cxovroben moldaveTis samxreT nawilsa da ukrainis momijnave raionebSi.
genderuli Tanasworoba – qalisa da mamakacis Tanabaruflebianoba
getmani – beladi; meTauri; atamani.
grigorianuli kalendari – (e.w. axali stili), 1582 wels romis papma, grigori XIII-m SemoiRo. aqedan momdinareobs misi saxelwodeba – grigorianulic.
d
damkvreli Sroma – TavgamodebiT, gansakuTrebuli mondomebiT Sroma
degradacia=degradireba – raime Tvisebis TandaTanobiT gauareseba; daqveiTeba, dacema.
dekada – drois aTdRiani monakveTi; aTi dRe.
dekadentoba (dekadenti) – xelovnebasa da literaturaSi (me-19 sauk. dasasrulsa da me-20 sauk. dasawyisSi) mimdinareoba, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia ukiduresi individualizmi, misticizmi.
deklaracia – gancxadeba; saxelmwifos, partiis, saerTaSoriso organizaciis mier gakeTebuli oficialuri gancxadeba.
demagogia – (berZnuli sityva demos – xalxs, ago ki waZRolas, wayvanas niSnavs); cru dapirebebiTa da faqtebis damaxinjebuli gadmocemiT xalxis motyeba.
demilitarizacia – saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT romelime saxelmwifosTvis samxedro mrewvelobis da simagreebis qonis da dadgenil raodenobaze meti samxedro Zalebis yolis akrZalva; ganiaraReba.
demobilizacia – SeiaraRebuli Zalebisa da saxalxo meurneobis saomaridan samSvidobo mdgomareobaze.
demografia – statistikis dargi, romelic ikvlevs mosaxleobis Semadgenlobasa da moZraobas (Sobadoba-sikvdilianobas, migraciasa da sxv.) xalxTaRweriloba.
demoralizacia – 1. moraluri gaxrwna, zneobrivi dacema; 2. moqmedebis unaris dakargva, suliT dacema.
dendrologia – botanikis nawili, romelic xeebsa da buCqebs Seiswavlis.
denikini antoni – (1872-1947), rusi samxedro da politikuri moRvawe, TeTrgvardiuli moZraobis erT-erTi lideri. 1919 wels ruseTSi samoqalaqo omis dros denikinma Tavi samxreT ruseTis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mTavarsardlad gamoacxada. denikinis armiam mTeli samxreT ruseTi daikava da 1919 wlis gazafxulze centralur ruseTze daiwyo Seteva. Tumca wiTElgvardielebma 1919 wlis Semodgomidan Semodgomidan 1920 wlis martamde warmoebul brZolebSi denikinis armia daamarcxes, ris Semdegac denikinma Tavisi Zalaufleba vrangels gadasca, TviTon ki emigraciaSi wavida. emigraciaSi denikini literaturul da sazogado moRvaweobas eweoda.
deportacia – pirovnebis gaZeveba misi mudmivi adgilsamyofelidan da sxva adgilas iZulebiT gadaadgileba.
desetina – miwis sazomi erTeuli, udrida 2 400 kv. saJens, daaxloebiT 1,09 ha.
despotizmi – SeuzRudavi xelisufleba; TviTneboba.
dialeqtika – mecniereba bunebis, adamianTa sazogadoebisa da azrovnebis cvalebadobis, moZraobisa da ganviTarebis zogadi kanonebis Sesaxeb; bunebisa da sazogadoebis marad moZrav da cvalebad movlenaTa Semecnebis mecnieruli meTodi.
diversia,(diversanti) – samxedro da saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis obieqtis dangreva, moSla mowinaaRmdegis zurgSi; aseTi aqtis Cadena romelime qveyanaSi ucxo saxelmwifos agentebis mier.
divizia – msxvili sajariso SenaerTi, romelic Sedgeba ramdenime polkisa da brigadiasgan.
diskriminacia – calkeuli pirovnebis, adamianTa jgufis an saxelmwifos uflebebis SezRudva; Tanasworuflebianobis mospoba.
diqtatura – SeuzRudavi saxelmwifo Zalaufleba.
doqtrina – mecnieruli an filosofiuri Teoria, sistema. saxelmZRvanelo Teoriuli an politikuri principi.
dramaturgi – mwerali, romelic wers dramatul nawarmoebebs(TeatrisTvis)
duma – mefis ruseTSi, warmomadgenlobiTi kreba, hqonda sakanonmdeblo da administraciuli funqcia.
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